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Training science, pacing, and race strategy for trail and ultra runners.

NutritionRace strategy

Fueling a 100K Ultra: When Calorie Targets Meet Reality

How to build a 100K fueling plan that survives contact with a real race: carbohydrate targets per hour, why GAP changes your burn rate, and how to plan around aid stations instead of hoping.

2 min read
SciencePacing

Grade-Adjusted Pace on Trails: Why Downhill Isn't Free

Grade-adjusted pace turns a hilly run into a single effort-equivalent number. Here is how it works, why steep descents cost more than runners expect, and how to use it for pacing.

2 min read